{"product_id":"kalam-cosmological-argument-volume-2-by-paul-copan","title":"Kalam Cosmological Argument, Volume 2 By Paul Copan","description":"\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eBest Seller: READ IT \u003cbr\u003ePaper quality: 70 gsm off white (Excellent)\u003cbr\u003eCover quality: 260 gsm card.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eSize: B5 (7.5x10) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eDigitally printed, with excellent print and paper quality.\u003cbr\u003eSample Pictures Available in 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class=\"TruncatedContent\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-testid=\"contentContainer\" class=\"TruncatedContent__text TruncatedContent__text--large TruncatedContent__text--expanded\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"DetailsLayoutRightParagraph\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"DetailsLayoutRightParagraph__widthConstrained\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"BookPageMetadataSection__description\" data-testid=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TruncatedContent\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-testid=\"contentContainer\" class=\"TruncatedContent__text TruncatedContent__text--large TruncatedContent__text--expanded\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"DetailsLayoutRightParagraph\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"DetailsLayoutRightParagraph__widthConstrained\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-testid=\"description\" class=\"BookPageMetadataSection__description\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TruncatedContent\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TruncatedContent__text TruncatedContent__text--large TruncatedContent__text--expanded\" data-testid=\"contentContainer\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"DetailsLayoutRightParagraph\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"DetailsLayoutRightParagraph__widthConstrained\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"DetailsLayoutRightParagraph__widthConstrained\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\"Every shelf tells a story. Make yours unforgettable with our handpicked titles.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook Synopsis:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"710\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"321\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"262\" data-end=\"305\"\u003eThe Kalām Cosmological Argument, Volume 2\u003c\/em\u003e by Paul Copan\u003c\/strong\u003e continues the in-depth philosophical investigation of one of the most influential arguments for the existence of God. Building on the historical and conceptual foundations laid in Volume 1, this volume moves the discussion forward by engaging rigorously with contemporary philosophical objections, scientific developments, and metaphysical implications of the kalām cosmological argument.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"1198\"\u003eAt the heart of the kalām argument is the claim that the universe had a beginning and therefore requires a transcendent cause. In \u003cstrong data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"854\"\u003eVolume 2\u003c\/strong\u003e, Copan focuses on evaluating modern critiques of this claim, especially those arising from analytic philosophy, cosmology, and philosophy of time. He carefully examines objections related to the possibility of an actual infinite past, quantum cosmology, and alternative models of the universe that challenge the notion of a temporal beginning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1695\"\u003eA major strength of this volume is its detailed engagement with contemporary scientific theories. Copan discusses cosmological models such as eternal inflation, cyclic universes, and multiverse hypotheses, analyzing whether these proposals successfully avoid the need for a cosmic beginning. Rather than relying on simplistic appeals to science, the book emphasizes the philosophical interpretation of scientific data and clarifies what cosmology can—and cannot—establish about ultimate origins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"2174\"\u003eThe volume also devotes significant attention to the nature of causation and the attributes of the cause of the universe. Copan explores whether the cause implied by the kalām argument must be personal, timeless, immaterial, and powerful, and how such conclusions are justified philosophically. These discussions bridge natural theology and classical theism, showing how metaphysical reasoning leads beyond the existence of a first cause toward a more robust conception of God.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2176\" data-end=\"2666\"\u003eThroughout the book, Copan engages respectfully with leading critics of the kalām cosmological argument, presenting their positions with accuracy and depth. Objections concerning the intelligibility of causation at the origin of time, the coherence of a timeless cause, and the application of causal principles to the universe as a whole are addressed systematically. This fair-minded approach makes the volume especially valuable for readers seeking a balanced understanding of the debate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2668\" data-end=\"3105\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2668\" data-end=\"2715\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"2670\" data-end=\"2713\"\u003eThe Kalām Cosmological Argument, Volume 2\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e is designed for advanced students, scholars, and serious readers of philosophy of religion. It is an essential companion to Volume 1 and a significant contribution to contemporary discussions about God, cosmology, and metaphysical explanation. Readers interested in natural theology, Islamic kalām, and analytic philosophy will find this work both challenging and intellectually rewarding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"READ IT","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51590836486456,"sku":null,"price":1499.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0956\/9894\/4312\/files\/91uqAZMEC4L.jpg?v=1767721580","url":"https:\/\/read-it.pk\/products\/kalam-cosmological-argument-volume-2-by-paul-copan","provider":"READ IT","version":"1.0","type":"link"}